{"id":2793,"date":"2026-06-30T10:54:16","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T10:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/?page_id=2793"},"modified":"2026-06-30T11:47:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T11:47:51","slug":"pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/","title":{"rendered":"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"paragraph--block_52c2c72499a7da6557c469e897354048\" class=\"root-level-block paragraph\">\r\n    \r\n    <div class=\"container grid-3-6-3\">\r\n\r\n                    <h3 class=\"dot\">Pepper (2019) by Barbro Raen Thomassen<\/h3>\r\n        \r\n                    <div class=\"wysiwyg\">\r\n                <p>The sculpture <em>Pepper<\/em> was created for the exhibition <em>Personal Structures \u2013 Identities<\/em>, organised by the European Cultural Centre during the Venice Biennale in 2019. It was then transported to Arendal, where it was placed on the grass between Langs\u00e6vannet and the Bomuldsfabriken Kunsthall building.<\/p>\n<p>It was thanks to the spice pepper that Venice emerged as a powerful trading centre in the 14th century. But it was also pepper that led to the fall of Venice in 1497, when Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India and Portugal took over the trade. In its heyday, Venice distributed over 400 tonnes of pepper a year. At that time, pepper was the most sought-after spice in Europe, and it was a status symbol for wealthy households to have a kitchen that could offer pepper. Pepper was reportedly so expensive that dock workers had to work in pocketless work clothes, so that they could not hide peppercorns in their pockets.<\/p>\n<p>Raen Thomassen is interested in the potential of small things. She looks for what is often overlooked and ignored, what is sometimes invisible and may seem insignificant, but which nevertheless proves to be of decisive importance.<\/p>\n<p>On the sculpture\u2019s pedestal you can read:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPEPPER \u2013 THE RISE AND FALL OF VENICE. I, BARBRO RAEN THOMASSEN, CREATED THIS BLACK PEPPER IN STONE IN THE YEAR 2019. I\u00b4M NORWEGIAN AND A WOMAN. I\u00b4M NOT ON FACEBOOK AND I HAVE NO MOBILE PHONE. PRAY FOR ME.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Barbro Raen Thomassen<\/strong> (b. 1955, T\u00f8nsberg) lives and works in Birkenes municipality. She studied at the University of Bergen, the Academy of Western Norway and the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Angers, France.<\/em><\/p>\n            <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\n\n\r\n<div class=\"container\">\r\n\r\n    <div id=\"gallery--block_9ab240fc0d109d767129b4ece5da0601\" class=\"root-level-block gallery\">\r\n\r\n    \r\n            <div class=\"acf-gallery-grid\">\r\n                            <figure class=\"lightbox-trigger\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/001-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper-2000x1333.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:100%; display:block;\">\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/figure>\r\n                            <figure class=\"lightbox-trigger\">\r\n                    <div>\r\n                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/004-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper_utsnitt.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"width:100%; display:block;\">\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <\/figure>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n    \r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2629,"parent":2533,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2793","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen - Bomuldsfabriken<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen - Bomuldsfabriken\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bomuldsfabriken\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Bomuldsfabriken\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-30T11:47:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"3543\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2362\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@bomuldsfabriken\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen - Bomuldsfabriken\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-30T10:54:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-30T11:47:51+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg\",\"width\":3543,\"height\":2362},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Gruvene skulpturpark English\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bomuldsfabriken\",\"description\":\"Kunsthallen i Arendal \u2013 Bomuldsfabriken\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Bomuldsfabriken\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/bomlog.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/bomlog.svg\",\"caption\":\"Bomuldsfabriken\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bomuldsfabriken.no\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/Bomuldsfabriken\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/bomuldsfabriken\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/bomuldsfabriken\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen - Bomuldsfabriken","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen - Bomuldsfabriken","og_url":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/","og_site_name":"Bomuldsfabriken","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Bomuldsfabriken\/","article_modified_time":"2026-06-30T11:47:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":3543,"height":2362,"url":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@bomuldsfabriken","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/","url":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/","name":"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen - Bomuldsfabriken","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg","datePublished":"2026-06-30T10:54:16+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-30T11:47:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/003-Barbro-Raen-Thomassen-Pepper.jpg","width":3543,"height":2362},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/pepper-barbro-raen-thomassen-eng\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gruvene skulpturpark English","item":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/gruvene-skulpturpark_eng\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Pepper \u2013 Barbro Raen Thomassen"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/","name":"Bomuldsfabriken","description":"Kunsthallen i Arendal \u2013 Bomuldsfabriken","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/#organization","name":"Bomuldsfabriken","url":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/bomlog.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/bomlog.svg","caption":"Bomuldsfabriken"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Bomuldsfabriken\/","https:\/\/x.com\/bomuldsfabriken","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bomuldsfabriken"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2793"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2822,"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2793\/revisions\/2822"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bomuldsfabriken.no\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}